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Distributed Models

Basic idea

Three layers of abstraction used to describe and reason about distributed systems: physical (hardware), architectural (components + patterns + middleware), and fundamental (non-functional properties such as reliability, security, performance).

Key facts

  • Synchronous: known bounds on execution time, message delay, and clock drift.

  • Asynchronous: no bounds on any of the above — much weaker but matches the open Internet.

  • Real systems are usually partially synchronous: bounds exist but are unknown or hold only eventually.

A physical model considers: underlying hardware elements

An architectural model considers:

  • Architectural elements - components of the system that interact with each other.

  • Architectural paterns

  • Associated middleware solutions

Fundemental models define: The non functional aspects such as:

  • Reliability

  • Security

  • Performance

Variations of interaction models

Two simple models of distributed system interaction are:

  • Synchronous system model - assumes known bounds on:

    • The time to execute

    • Message transmission delay

    • Local clock drift rate

  • Asynchronous system model - assumes no bound on:

    • Process execution speed

    • Message transmission delays

    • Clock drift rates

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