# Quality management

## Basic idea

Quality is not bolted on — it must be designed in from the start. Quality management = QA (define standards) + QP (apply to project) + QC (audit conformance).

## Key facts

* External quality (user-facing): correctness, reliability, usability.
* Internal quality (developer-facing): cleanliness, performance, maintainability.
* Empirically, QA pays for itself — defect cost grows by \~10× per phase you let it slip.


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