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Java

Basic idea

Class-based object-oriented language for the JVM (Gosling, 1995). "Write once, run anywhere" via bytecode and a portable runtime; conservative evolution favouring backwards compatibility.

Key facts

  • Year / creator: 1995, James Gosling at Sun.

  • Paradigm: object-oriented + (since 8) functional bits (lambdas, streams).

  • Typing: static, strong, nominal; type inference via var (Java 10+).

  • VM: JVM; bytecode JIT-compiled by HotSpot / GraalVM.

  • Memory: garbage-collected (G1, ZGC, Shenandoah).

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